Definition of language and linguistics: basic competence

https://doi.org/10.21744/mami.v1n1.1

Authors

  • Peter V. Oviogun Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
  • Pal S. Veerdee London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom

Keywords:

choosing vocabulary, ideology, language and linguistics, language differences, linguistic scholarship, mastered linguistic, nature of language, sociolinguistic issues

Abstract

This paper is intended to understand and be able to explain the meaning of language and linguistics, to understand and be able to explain linguistic scholarship and to understand and be able to explain the history and nature of language. Linguistic knowledge also provides benefits for compilers of textbooks or textbooks. Linguistic knowledge will provide guidance for textbook compilers in composing appropriate sentences, choosing vocabulary that is appropriate for the age level of the readers of the book. As for the linguistic benefits for statesmen or politicians, first, as a statesman or politician who must fight for ideology and concepts of state or government, orally, he must master the language well. Second, if the politician or statesman mastered linguistic and sociolinguistic issues, in particular, in relation to society, then of course he will be able to reduce and resolve social upheavals that occur in society as a result of language differences and conflicts.

References

Braae, M., & Rutherford, D. A. (1979). Theoretical and linguistic aspects of the fuzzy logic controller. Automatica, 15(5), 553-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(79)90005-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(79)90005-0

Brown, K. (2005). Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (Vol. 1). Elsevier.

Canagarajah, S., & De Costa, P. I. (2016). Introduction: Scales analysis, and its uses and prospects in educational linguistics. Linguistics and Education, 34, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2015.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2015.09.001

Chaika, E. (1974). A linguist looks at “schizophrenic” language. Brain and language, 1(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(74)90040-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(74)90040-6

Chambers, F. (1997). What do we mean by fluency?. System, 25(4), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8

Chater, N., & Manning, C. D. (2006). Probabilistic models of language processing and acquisition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 10(7), 335-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.006

Cheng, C. H., Yang, K. L., & Hwang, C. L. (1999). Evaluating attack helicopters by AHP based on linguistic variable weight. European journal of operational research, 116(2), 423-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00156-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00156-8

Chomsky, N. (1966). Explanatory models in linguistics. In Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics (Vol. 44, pp. 528-550). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-237X(09)70617-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-237X(09)70617-2

Desmet, K., Ortuño-Ortín, I., & Wacziarg, R. (2012). The political economy of linguistic cleavages. Journal of development Economics, 97(2), 322-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.02.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.02.003

Everaert, M. B., Huybregts, M. A., Chomsky, N., Berwick, R. C., & Bolhuis, J. J. (2015). Structures, not strings: linguistics as part of the cognitive sciences. Trends in cognitive sciences, 19(12), 729-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.008

Fedorenko, E., & Thompson-Schill, S. L. (2014). Reworking the language network. Trends in cognitive sciences, 18(3), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.006

Gómez, M. C. (2009). Towards a new approach to the linguistic definition of euphemism. Language Sciences, 31(6), 725-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.001

Gordon, M., & Ladefoged, P. (2001). Phonation types: a cross-linguistic overview. Journal of phonetics, 29(4), 383-406. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.2001.0147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.2001.0147

Halliday, M. A. K. (2003). On language and linguistics (Vol. 3). A&C Black.

Herrera-Viedma, E., & Peis, E. (2003). Evaluating the informative quality of documents in SGML format from judgements by means of fuzzy linguistic techniques based on computing with words. Information Processing & Management, 39(2), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4573(02)00049-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4573(02)00049-3

Isphording, I. E., & Otten, S. (2014). Linguistic barriers in the destination language acquisition of immigrants. Journal of economic Behavior & organization, 105, 30-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.03.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.03.027

Jackendoff, R., & Pinker, S. (2005). The nature of the language faculty and its implications for evolution of language (Reply to Fitch, Hauser, and Chomsky). Cognition, 97(2), 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.04.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.04.006

Ji, S. (1997). Isomorphism between cell and human languages: molecular biological, bioinformatic and linguistic implications. BioSystems, 44(1), 17-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-2647(97)00039-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-2647(97)00039-7

Kacprzyk, J., & Zadrożny, S. (2005). Linguistic database summaries and their protoforms: towards natural language based knowledge discovery tools. Information Sciences, 173(4), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2005.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2005.03.002

Kasper, G. (1990). Linguistic politeness:: Current research issues. Journal of pragmatics, 14(2), 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90080-W DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90080-W

Knott, A., & Sanders, T. (1998). The classification of coherence relations and their linguistic markers: An exploration of two languages. Journal of pragmatics, 30(2), 135-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00023-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00023-X

Kohnert, K. (2010). Bilingual children with primary language impairment: Issues, evidence and implications for clinical actions. Journal of communication disorders, 43(6), 456-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.02.002

Kravchenko, A. V. (2007). Essential properties of language, or, why language is not a code. Language Sciences, 29(5), 650-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2007.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2007.01.004

Mayberry, R. I., & Lock, E. (2003). Age constraints on first versus second language acquisition: Evidence for linguistic plasticity and epigenesis. Brain and language, 87(3), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00137-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00137-8

Munnich, E., Landau, B., & Dosher, B. A. (2001). Spatial language and spatial representation: A cross-linguistic comparison. Cognition, 81(3), 171-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00127-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00127-5

Narrog, H. (2005). On defining modality again. Language sciences, 27(2), 165-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2003.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2003.11.007

Pinker, S., & Jackendoff, R. (2005). The faculty of language: what's special about it?. Cognition, 95(2), 201-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2004.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2004.08.004

Ramus, F., Nespor, M., & Mehler, J. (1999). Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition, 73(3), 265-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00058-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00058-X

Rindflesch, T. C., & Fiszman, M. (2003). The interaction of domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing: interpreting hypernymic propositions in biomedical text. Journal of biomedical informatics, 36(6), 462-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.003

Schleppegrell, M. J. (2001). Linguistic features of the language of schooling. Linguistics and education, 12(4), 431-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-5898(01)00073-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-5898(01)00073-0

Seargeant, P. (2009). Language ideology, language theory, and the regulation of linguistic behaviour. Language Sciences, 31(4), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2007.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2007.12.002

Tomasello, M. (2000). The item-based nature of children’s early syntactic development. Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(4), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01462-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01462-5

Tseng, M. Y. (2018). Creating a theoretical framework: On the move structure of theoretical framework sections in research articles related to language and linguistics. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 33, 82-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.01.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.01.002

Ullman, M. T., & Pierpont, E. I. (2005). Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis. Cortex, 41(3), 399-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70276-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70276-4

Yasuda, S. (2011). Genre-based tasks in foreign language writing: Developing writers’ genre awareness, linguistic knowledge, and writing competence. Journal of second language writing, 20(2), 111-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2011.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2011.03.001

Zadeh, L. A. (1971). Quantitative fuzzy semantics. Information sciences, 3(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0255(71)80004-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0255(71)80004-X

Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—I. Information sciences, 8(3), 199-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90036-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90036-5

Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning-III. Information sciences, 9(1), 43-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90017-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90017-1

Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—II. Information sciences, 8(4), 301-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90046-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90046-8

Published

2020-01-05

How to Cite

Oviogun, P. V., & Veerdee, P. S. (2020). Definition of language and linguistics: basic competence. Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21744/mami.v1n1.1